Client-Side URL Encoding & Special Character Sanitization in Web APIs

Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) only permit a restricted subset of US-ASCII characters. Characters outside this set, or reserved characters used in non-standard positions, must be percent-encoded to prevent transmission errors in web APIs and web browsers.

Reserved vs Unreserved URI Characters

RFC 3986 divides URL characters into two distinct groups:

  • Unreserved Characters (Never Encoded): Letters (A-Z, a-z), digits (0-9), hyphen (-), underscore (_), period (.), and tilde (~).
  • Reserved Characters: Characters that have special syntactic meaning in a URL, such as :, /, ?, #, [, ], @, !, $, &, ', (, ), *, +, ,, ;, =.

encodeURI() vs encodeURIComponent() in JavaScript

Function What It Encodes Primary Use Case
encodeURI() Preserves URL delimiters (: / ? # & =) Encoding a full valid URL containing spaces or Unicode.
encodeURIComponent() Encodes ALL reserved characters into %XX Encoding query string parameter values (e.g. search queries).

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Published by ToolkitBank Engineering Team

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